Type of Stents
Understanding the Different Types of Coronary Stents Used in Cardiac Patients
Coronary Stents
Stents are small, expandable metal mesh tubes used to treat narrow or blocked blood vessels in the body, including the coronary arteries. Two major stents are used in cardiac patients: bare metal and drug-eluting. In addition, several other types of coronary stents are used for specific cases.
Here, we will explore the different types of coronary stents, including bare metal stents, drugeluting stents, and bioresorbable scaffold system.
Types of Coronary Stents
Bare Metal Stents
Bare metal stents, also known as uncoated stents, are the most basic type of stent. They are made of metal, such as stainless steel or cobalt-chromium, and are designed to hold open the artery walls and improve blood flow to the heart. Bare metal stents are used in patients who cannot tolerate antiplatelet therapy, such as aspirin or clopidogrel, which are required for drug-eluting stents.
Drug-Eluting Stents
Drug-eluting stents are coated with medications slowly released to prevent plaque buildup. The medications used in drug-eluting stents include antiproliferative drugs, such as paclitaxel or sirolimus, which inhibit the growth of cells in the artery wall. It reduces the risk of restenosis or the re-narrowing of the artery, which can occur with bare metal stents. Drug-eluting stents are used in patients who can tolerate antiplatelet therapy.
Bioresorbable Scaffold System
A bioresorbable scaffold system is a new type of stent made of a biodegradable material, such as polylactide or polyglycolide. Unlike traditional stents, which are permanent, bioresorbable stents gradually dissolve over time and are absorbed by the body. It eliminates the need for long-term antiplatelet therapy that reduces the risk of late stent thrombosis, a rare but serious complication of stent placement. A bioresorbable scaffold system is used in selected patients with low-risk coronary artery lesions.
Stent Technology: Revolutionizing Coronary Care
Overall, the advancements in stent technology have greatly improved the health of patients dealing with coronary artery disease. By understanding the different types of stents available, healthcare providers make an informed decision about the best treatment options for the patients. Patients can also benefit from a better understanding of the different types of stents and how they work, which can help them make more informed decisions about their medical care.
It is also important to note that stent placement is just one aspect of managing coronary artery disease. Lifestyle changes such as combating smoking, maintaining a healthy diet & regular exercise is essential for preventing disease progression. Medications, such as antiplatelet therapy and cholesterol-lowering drugs, are also used in conjunction with stent placement to reduce the risk of future cardiac risk.
The different types of coronary stents offer a range of options for healthcare providers and patients when it comes to the treatment of CAD . Understanding the differences between these stents help healthcare provider make informed decisions about the best treatment options for their patients, while also helping patients be more informed and engaged in their medical care. With ongoing advancements in stent technology, we expect to see continued improvements in patient outcomes with coronary artery disease.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is a coronary stent?
A coronary stent is a small, metallic mesh tube used to treat narrowed or blocked coronary arteries. It is inserted into the artery during a minimally invasive procedure called angioplasty to help restore blood flow to the heart muscle.
Why are coronary stents used?
Coronary stents are the treatment options for coronary artery disease as blood vessels that supply the heart with oxygen and nutrients get blocked due to plaque buildup. Stents help keep the arteries open, improve blood flow, relieve symptoms like chest pain (angina), or reduce the risk of a heart attack.
How is a coronary stent implanted?
Implanting a coronary stent is called percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or angioplasty. A thin, flexible catheter with a balloon and the stent is threaded through a blood vessel to the blocked artery, usually in the groin or wrist. The balloon is inflated to open the artery, and the stent is expanded to fit against the artery walls. The balloon is deflated & removed, leaving the stent in place to support the artery.
Are there different types of coronary stents?
Yes, there are two main types of coronary stents: bare-metal and drug-eluting. Bare-metal stents are made of metal alone and provide structural support. Drug-eluting stent is coated with medication that helps to prevent the re-narrowing of the artery (restenosis) by reducing the growth of scar tissue. Your doctor will determine the most suitable type of stent based on your medical condition.
What are the risks & complications associated with coronary stents?
While coronary stents are generally safe and effective, there are some risks and potential complications. These can include blood clot formation (stent thrombosis), bleeding at the insertion site, allergic reactions to stent materials, and restenosis. To minimize these risks, following your doctor’s instructions regarding medications, lifestyle changes, and regular follow-up appointments is important. Remember, it’s crucial to consult your healthcare provider for personalized information and guidance regarding coronary stents or any medical concerns you may have.
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Sources:
1. https://www.apollohospitals.com/lets-talk-health/heart-attack/different-types-of-coronary-stents
2. https://www.maxhealthcare.in/blogs/heart-care/understanding-types-stents
3. https://www.manipalhospitals.com/blog/types-of-stents-used-in-cardiac-patients
4. https://www.medanta.org/patient-education-blog/des-coronary-stent
Disclaimer: The information presented by Boston Scientific Corporation is for educational purposes only and does not recommend self-management of health issues. The information should not be treated as comprehensive and does not intend to provide diagnosis, treatment or any medical advice. Individual results may vary and hence, it is advisable to consult your doctor regarding any medical or health related diagnosis or treatment options.
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